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水的化學結構及其特性說明
一個水分子是由一個氧原子與兩個氫原子彎曲鍵結而成。由於正、負電荷的重心不一致,因此屬於極性分子。當兩個水分子同時存在時,非同一水分子之氫與氧原子會藉由靜電的交互作用彼此吸引而形成弱鍵結-氫鍵,並保持一定的距離(圖1)。而一個水分子可以同時與 4 個水分子結合,形成如結晶般的晶體結構。
水分子聚合體中,由於氫鍵鍵結的網狀結構會部分斷裂,而形成逐次移動變化的狀態,因此呈現液態,而此結構變化每秒可達 1012 次。
某一時間點的水分子移動,會形成稱為 “分子簇(cluster)” 的 (H2O)n 的集合體(圖2),是可以被偵測到的。

圖1、水分子的結構

圖2、水的構造模式
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